Geographical Information System-based methodologies for energy planning: Optimizing site selection for renewable energy plants

Abstract

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become pivotal in the renewable energy sector, enabling comprehensive planning and management through advanced spatial analysis and visualization capabilities. This study examines recent advancements in GIS methodologies applied to the optimal sitting of onshore renewable energy plants, identifying their strengths, limitations, and key areas for improvement. Focus is placed on the methodologies employed, the criteria and constraints used to delineate incompatible areas, and the selection and weighting of evaluation factors for site suitability. The findings emphasize the critical role of incompatible zones in the planning process and advocate for further exploration of this component. The study highlights the necessity of constructing diverse scenarios to account for the multifaceted nature of renewable energy planning, demonstrating how GIS-based models, while powerful, should be regarded as preliminary tools rather than definitive solutions. Additionally, it underscores the importance of developing a robust theoretical framework to guide the effective integration of GIS in land-use planning, ensuring enhanced decision-making and sustainable energy infrastructure development. This research provides valuable insights to improve future planning efforts in the transition to renewable energy.