Integration of Run-of-River/Pumped Hydro with an Energy Storage System Based on Batteries and Supercapacitors for Enabling Ancillary Services and Extending the Lifetime of Generating Equipment

Abstract

This chapter explores the integration of run-of-river and pumped-storage

hydroelectric power plants with lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors to enhance

frequency regulation while minimizing mechanical stress on hydropower units.

Hydroelectric plants play a key role in grid stability, but frequent power adjustments

required for ancillary services accelerate wear and tear on their mechanical compo-

nents. The proposed hybrid system follows a cascading control approach, where each

energy storage element protects the next: lithium-ion batteries handle medium-term

power fluctuations, reducing the need for constant hydro unit adjustments, while

supercapacitors absorb rapid transients, shielding both the batteries and the hydro

units from excessive cycling and mechanical fatigue. This setup improves the effi-

ciency and lifespan of all components while enhancing the plant’s ability to partici-

pate in ancillary service markets. The chapter reviews state-of-the-art solutions and

presents a detailed analysis of technical requirements for hybrid hydropower-storage

systems. It also discusses results from simulations and laboratory tests that validate

the effectiveness of the proposed configuration. Findings indicate that integrating

batteries and supercapacitors with hydropower can significantly improve frequency

regulation quality, extend asset lifespan, and facilitate higher penetration of renew-

able energy sources, making hybrid hydropower systems a crucial component of

future power grids